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Organization and its performance are very essential source in an effective project management. In project management planning is one of the major steps which enable the managers to forecast and make project schedule for managing projects with efficiency. For creating project schedule in this era there are several techniques which provides an assistance in creating realistic and attainable project scheduling. These techniques are named as PERT (evaluation and review technique) and GANTT charts. These tools involve several calculations for analyzing projects and all calculations and techniques in these tools are based on the visualizations. Project are divided into manageable parts in GANTT charts. Through this chart the manageable parts of the project become clear and it helps the manager to make and identify similarities and differences in the presented information through GANTT charts.
Both the above-mentioned tools have different ways of presenting information. GANTT usually present information in the form of bar graphs. In the left side of the graph there is a number of lists that includes the types of activities that are needed to perform while executing the ongoing project. Moreover, time scale is present on the top of the graph for illustrating the time schedule of the planning project. Through this time scale the length of the project schedule will be presented that will state the expected start date of the project, the expected end date of the project and the expected duration of the whole project. This tool also enables the manager to know the percentage of work done and the remaining work time to time.
Beside this PERT used to display information to the user through a network whereby activities are opened up from the first node. In PERT all the activities are not similar to each other. Some of them are run parallel to each other while some activities are not found possible to begin before completion of the other projects in the list of activities on the network as stated by Crawford (2009).
The PERT may not display the job completion percentage because of its network mode of display model. Hence GANTT got an advantage of ability of presenting project completion percentage in order to make aware the manager to remind about the time intervals and deadlines of work completion of the project. Managers nowadays prefer to use GANTT whenever they look to place completion dates of every task along with their starting dates. GANTT has enabled the project managers to set the duration of each task according to their own expectations and requirements. On the other hand, these advantages are not found in PERT as elaborated by Crawford (2009).
Moreover, GANTT is a tool that provides a platform in which managers can set bottlenecks and deadlines in order to monitor and control the project on the basis of the selected and set criteria. This facility helps to manager to develop contingency and situational plans in case of unmet deadlines during projects. By using time frame through GANTT, the managers came to know that what type of emergency factors and extra resources can be needed in order to create backup for unmet deadlines. This is an important advantage in keeping track of the project and maintaining strict times for completion of a task (Crawford, 2009).
On the other hand, PERT emphasizes on giving information regarding which events must occur in the first, which tasks should be carried out immediately and which must be done in the end or later time period. This phenomenon establishes a critical path which has to be followed during the project. PERT also states dependency of the several identified tasks on the projects; whereas, Gantt diagrams cannot display the relationship between different task since it is only concerned on start and completion dates. (Crawford, 2009).
In project management critical path is an essential model which is highly based on mathematical calculations. This critical path is used to schedule activities to be completed at the course of project execution. In this model all the activities are prioritized and set on the basis of their critical importance to the project after their identification. All these identified activities usually have direct significant influence on the completion dates of the project. Hence it can be clearly stated that the project management planning schedule effectiveness is highly dependent on this critical path model (Burke, 2014).
However, the main purpose of this critical path analysis is to let the manager know the correct duration of the project through mathematical calculations. During critical path analysis the project managers are able to report the most suitable and earliest time for starting the project. With this awareness manager can easily identify that for controlling process in project management which tasks can be stopped or delayed without delaying the whole project. Delaying the whole project will be the waste of time and resource and in project management time resource is the key element for achieving effectiveness in managing projects. Therefore, managers should take advantage of this critical path model for avoiding any delays of the whole project. This phenomenon will lead managers to an effective use of schedules (Burke, 2014).
Beside this Critical path analysis is very useful in analyzing every section of the project. Every section of the project can be easily identified with this analysis and according to that identification the best suited teams and labor can be designated and assigned to the appropriate tasks with the best job fits. By doing so, the project management will ensure high quality along with an effective project schedule as mentioned by Burke (2014).
The critical path enables the manager to ensure the continuity of the project without barriers. This critical path helps the manager to plan for removing any expected blunders and wastes during project. All the necessary and required resources can be easily identified with this analysis and maximum output can be achieved with minimum inputs of resources. Moreover, this analysis also let the managers in the process to make decisions on which jobs can be skipped to ensure the project completion and time management, and that skipped task can be continued afterwards. The skipping and delaying of unimportant task may reduce the problem of resources shortage during the project as explained by Burke (2014).
Crawford, L. (2009). Global body of project management knowledge and standards. The Wiley guide to project organization & project management competencies
Burke, R. (2014). Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA.
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