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Induction and deduction are two methods of reasoning. Induction starts from specific observations made to identify patterns and elaborate theories to finally arrive to a conclusion. Deduction works backwards; starting from the general going towards the specific. For example deduction thinks of a theory first regarding a topic and then looks for specific hypothesis and observations (Muhammad, n.d.). People divide arguments into two types: inductive and deductive. In a deductive argument the conclusion cannot be false if all the premises are true. Below is an example of deductive argument:
“All of my uncles are retired, and this guy next to me is one of my uncles. Therefore, this guy is retired. The premises guarantee the conclusion.” (Mulder, 2007). In an inductive argument the premises support the conclusion, but only with some degree of probability; indeed, the conclusion is probably true if all the premises are true. This is an example of inductive argument: Some of the students know the name of the first President of the United States, and Mark is a student. Therefore, Mark probably knows the name of the first President of the United States. In this example, the premises give support, but less than 100% (Mulder, 2007).
Muhammad, R.B. (n.d.). Deduction and induction. Retrieved from http://www.personal.kent.edu/~rmuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/DeductInduct.htm
Mulder D. (2007, March). Deductive argument & inductive argument. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://profmulder.home.att.net/basicdedind.htm
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